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Between the peaks decisions that decide nothing and unexpected twists, difficult to navigate in the soap extension to the rescue of the euro. L'Expansion. Com reported on what appears achievements and problems that appear before the appointment-critical? – Wednesday. European leaders meeting in Brussels.

While the EU summit Sunday was to end months of indecision and too limited solutions, the world was offered a new appointment on Wednesday to see whether the euro area will finally be saved. Back to what appears to finally being resolved and the problems that remain … or emerging.

What is clear

The discount massive Greek debt

The banking lobby is hoping for a discount of 40%, Brussels wants instead to 50 or 60%.But if negotiations continue on the final figure, the principle of a very significant effacement of the Greek debt appears to act for both parties. To justify this level, Europe is based on a report of the troika, which includes the country's creditors, European Union, ECB and IMF. According to the report, banks must accept losses from 50% to 60% for the country's debt is sustainable. This prospect terrifies but investors in Greece. The Athens Stock Exchange fell Monday. Concerns focus on the consequences of such a discount to banks and pension funds in the country, who hold 15% of Greek sovereign debt. Local employers in turn denounced a decision that would lead to a "devaluation of financial assets and real estate" of the Greeks and "suffocation of the private sector."

The recapitalization of banks

To absorb losses arising from the discount and deal with a possible extension of impairment to Spain and Italy, banks are encouraged to recapitalize. With two options. Either they agree to promote their sovereign debt to market, whereby they are set a target to achieve a capital ratio of hard 9% by mid-2012. Either they refuse, and then have to meet a higher target of 9.5%. According to a European source, this would represent a comprehensive effort to recapitalize "107 or 108 billion euros."The scenario always favors a priority call to the private sector and the public opening of windows and finally, in case of failure the use of a solution through the EFSF.

On French banks, Baroin reiterated on Monday that Europe 1 "may not need to open this window public" and that they would carry out this recapitalization "at the expense of dividends and bonuses" . Christian Noyer, Governor of the Bank of France, for his part spoke of a limited effort at "least ten billion euros."

Strengthening the EFSF

It is unclear exactly how the European financial stability but we know it will not be converted into bank, as called Paris. Berlin vetoed because it would require the fund to refinance with the ECB, that "treaties do not allow," said Chancellor Angela Merkel.Options to leverage the capacity of intervention of EFSF without increasing resources have been reduced to two. First possibility: make a guarantee fund for the obligations of troubled countries (Greece, Italy and Spain) that protects owners up to 20 to 30% of the loan amount. This insurance should put downward pressure on interest rates. Second option on the table: create a special fund to accept contributions from outside investors, and could be backed by the IMF. But as the EU president, Herman Van Rompuy, both options could ultimately be chosen. "Combined, these two models could have a cumulative effect," he said Sunday.

The new problems that emerge

The non-European contribution to EFSF

The proposed involvement of outside investors – outside the euro area – raises some reservations.The fear of other states to mix with European desnquiétudes rise. "The Chinese said they were interested, but some member states are skeptical about the idea of ​​integrating a Chinese contribution to the EFSF," said one diplomat. Which could ultimately leave the field open to the German proposal as EFSF Guarantee Fund.

The payment of the IMF to Greece

To avoid suffocation in the country, the creditors of Athens must pay the sixth installment of the loan of 110 billion euros. But if Europe accepted Friday the payment of its share (5.8 billion), the IMF still has not cleared the release of funds. The Secretary General of the IMF, Christine Lagarde, said Friday she would recommend the Fund to pay the remaining share (2.2 billion).But for this it will be another meeting of the Board of the IMF in November …

The use of Italy EFSF

Italy is under pressure to further reduce its debt and deficits. Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was ordered to reach the European summit Wednesday with a detailed road map for further reforms of its economy, particularly on pensions. "This is not to appeal to the solidarity of partners if we do not effort," even said Nicolas Sarkozy. Now Italy has indeed need that help. She is a candidate to benefit from new support program called "precautionary" developed in July. The tool is expected to be able to provide credit lines or to allow the EFSF to buy government debt from one country to investors in the market "secondary" to influence interest rates.Relief Fund would replace the ECB and redeeming debt from the Italian August but warned that it would not do it forever. Except that Europe now poses its terms. Silvio Berlusconi has already given some pledges by suggesting that it might raise the retirement age to 67. It could also speed up privatization to relieve the huge debt the country to 1,900 billion euros.

The pessimistic comments by the Fed on the U.S. economy were right the last hopes of the market. Paris loses about 5% as other European markets, the euro and oil fall as well.

Financial markets no longer know where to turn. They awaited the Fed's effective measures to stimulate activity, they have mostly kept very pessimistic comments on the U.S. economy. And as concerns over the health of European banks are still there, the world's stock markets have performed a new dive on Thursday.

After opening sharply lower, European stock markets accentuated their losses by mid-afternoon. The Paris Bourse and yielded 4.57%, Frankfurt 3.77%, 4.70% London, Milan and Madrid 3.70% 4.40%. At the opening of the New York Stock Exchange, the Dow Jones lost 1.45% and the Nasdaq 2.85%..

Bank stocks, especially French, were the first victims of this new access of depression. Societe Generale, Credit Agricole and Natixis were down more than 7%. BNP Paribas, some limited damage to -3.3%. Alarmist comments by an officer of the influential American fund Pimco, saying that French banks could tip the whole of Europe into recession, came to power concerns.

Equity markets are not the only ones suffering. Direct result of growth at half mast, and thus reduced demand, oil prices plunged more than 5% in New York, returning to their lowest levels in a month. A barrel of "light sweet crude" for November delivery traded at 80.91 dollars.

On the foreign exchange market, the euro has meanwhile fallen below $ 1.35. It especially touched its lowest level for ten years against the yen.

Main accused of helping the new blues, the U.S. central bank. "The Fed, instead of reassuring the markets, instead encouraged the weak operators and increased their aversion to assets considered risky," explained Jane Foley, analyst at Rabobank.

As expected, it has announced the launch of Operation Twist, which will be for sale by the end of June 2012 for $ 400 billion of treasury bills in order to redeem an equivalent amount with a longer maturity. The stated objective is to lower interest rates over time. Problem, the effectiveness of the measure is highly controversial because these rates are already low. Its impact on business would not be obvious.

Unconvincing in action, the Fed, however, impressed the market by the extent of his pessimism on the U.S. economy, citing the "continuing weakness" of the labor market and "significant risks" associated with "tensions global financial markets. " Expected as the messiah, Bern Bernanke, the head of the U.S. central bank has disappointed. The Fed "does not have the tools to miraculously revive economic growth," could only observe Nigel Gault, the firm IHS Global Insight.

Several indicators have confirmed the sluggishness of activity across the Atlantic, like the new jobless claims last week to 423,000, down but higher than expected (418,000). For its part, the Conference Board's composite index came out up 0.3% in August, but slowed down, which is a sign of increased risks to growth.The U.S. treasury secretary, Timothy Geithner, has found himself in Washington that the slow economic growth was a challenge "bigger" than the debt that states the world should give priority to support growth.

As if this were not enough, the bad news continued to accumulate on the side of the euro area. The private sector activity there is in fact contracted in September for the first time in over two years, according to a first estimate of the firm Markit PMI. The activity slows and approaches the stagnation in Germany and France, the two largest economies in the region, the source said. Italy, whose financial markets worried, revised sharply downward its growth forecasts, reduced to 0.7% for 2011, 0.6% in 2012 and 0.9% in 2013.Rome assured that the austerity plan passed last week was enough to balance the budget by 2013. But the bond market, the Italian securities suffered, with a standard rate record deal with German titles, safe havens in which investors have rushed. The performance of the German Bund and 10-year fell to its lowest ever observed in 1.665%.

The debate continues in Europe on the recapitalization of banks, following the call to use the IMF's European Financial Stability Fund (EFSF) to recapitalize the most exposed to the debt crisis. The IMF estimates the potential losses in the sector to 200 billion euros. Echoing the words of his colleague in charge of Competition, Joaquin Almunia, European Commissioner Michel Barnier to Financial Services found that 25 of them need to be recapitalized.

While European politicians opposing the idea of ​​issuing Eurobonds to respond to the crisis of sovereign debt, China could affect their development.

Europe is the first export market of China, which has clearly said he was in his interest to avoid a financial collapse that could cause a global recession.

China also wants to diversify its foreign reserves to reduce the share of U.S. government bonds, and did not wait for the deterioration in the sovereign rating of the United States last month to start doing.

"European countries are facing problems of sovereign debt.We have said countless times that China wants to give a hand and we will continue to invest (in Europe), "said Premier Wen Jiabao during the 'Summer Davos Forum' week last in the Chinese city of Dalian.

But he also said that the major developed economies were healthier fiscal position and urged Europe to make a reciprocal gesture by granting China the status of market economy.

Europeans have so far been reluctant to make this concession, given the exchange rate regime of the yuan, state control of Chinese industry and commercial litigation, intellectual property, for example.

Upon entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, China agreed to a covenant which provided that she would not have the status of market economy in the world before 2016.Beijing has long called for this status to be granted in advance, as that would provide better protection against anti-dumping duties including the EU.

"A crisis is an opportunity"

"Europeans have not been sufficiently sensitive to the needs of China," said Etienne Reuter, a consultant who was representing the EU in Hong Kong and Japan.

China also wants the EU to lift an arms embargo imposed in 1989 after the crushing of the "Beijing Spring".

Privately, EU officials who manage the debt crisis remember that China is one of the few large foreign investors continue to buy bonds of countries in the euro area in the secondary market.

China thinks it also has also taken a large share of bonds rated triple-A issued by the European Financial Stability (EFSF) to support Greece, Ireland and Portugal as part of programs helps set up by the EU and the International Monetary Fund.

For Beijing, the problem is rather that there is not enough paper issues rated triple A European response to the request.Yields on German government bonds and UK safe haven to which have turned many investors are thus fell below the rate of inflation.

"It is in the interest of China that the euro area is stable with the creation of Euro-bonds, but China may have an impact on the decision of the European countries I doubt," said however Xu Bei, a Chinese economist who works in Paris for the French bank Natixis investment.

"In the Chinese mentality, a crisis is always an opportunity.The Chinese word for crisis has two characters: one meaning danger, the other opportunity, "says she.

In the short term, she says, it would make sense for China to buy the Italian Treasury bonds, which are active in Europe among the more volume and more liquid while providing an attractive return "if Excluding a scenario of extreme crisis. "

SECURE INVESTMENT

There is clearly a debate within the Chinese leadership on the pros and cons of going to the assistance of Europe.

Forum in Dalian last week, an adviser to the Chinese central bank, Daokui Li said that China should refrain from buying large volumes of European bonds.

In its edition for abroad, the People's Daily, for its part says that China should not act alone but work with other creditors, including the IMF, and ask that the euro area investment guarantees.

"Faced with latent systemic risk for European debt, China should both take the role of responsible great power but must also make security a prerequisite for an investment," said an editorial in Xiangyang Li, researcher international relations at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

According to Etienne Reuter, Wen Jiabao wants to open China further and support the conservative voice of Europe, but among the other leaders argue that Beijing must be careful not to get too involved in other countries.

Chinese public opinion, at least as reflected by the blogs on the internet, look for caution on the issue of investment in Europe is for its part Bei Xu.

As for David Bowers, the financial advisory firm Absolute Strategy Research, the Committee is unlikely that China will take strategic initiatives to scale before the change of the management team in 2012, which should be reflected in particular by replacing Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao.

"The people that the Chinese are dealing, it is the Germans.Triple A is a nation like China, mercantile like China, and the Chinese could help them avoid making the taxpayers bear the German "a heavy burden, he said.

China is becoming the next two years the largest trading partner of Germany instead of France, noted David Bowers.

"They (the Chinese) will have to wait until Germany is clearer about what she wants in Europe," he said.

Wall Street closed down Tuesday but reduced its losses quite considerably.

The Dow Jones lost 100.20 points (0.89%) to 11,140.06. The S & P 500 drops 8.67 points (0.74%) to 1165.30. The Nasdaq Composite Index gives 6.50 points (0.26%) to 2473.83.

These data are likely to vary even slightly.

The new CEO does not rule Eiffage sale or closure of loss-making subsidiaries to consolidate the early resumption of the performance of the construction group observed in the first half.

Peter Berger, the designated successor of the president and founder of the number five European construction and concessions Jean-François Roverato, also announced for the energy division Forclum a savings plan to reduce by 3 to 4% overhead by 2013-2014.

"We will, on public works sectors, particularly energy, continue and even intensify our efforts and recovery plans so that the performances, which are stabilized, can go up significantly," said Peter Berger in a meeting with analysts.

"I do not exclude in particular on non-strategic subsidiaries deficit repeatedly stops or transfers," he added.

Eiffage, whose margins were negatively impacted in recent years by economic conditions and difficulties in the execution of certain contracts, including hospitals, also assured that he would in future be more selective in order intake .

"We anticipate a marked increase in free cash flow, the best three years, and therefore reduced our net debt due to a combination of debt reduction highways that will continue and the sale of certain assets that are PPP mature, "added Peter Berger.

RESUMPTION OF ACTIVITY CONFIRMED

Eiffage end of June showed a net debt to total 14.42 billion euros, 13.6 billion of debt lodged in the concessions.Autoroutes Paris Rhin Rhône conducted in the first half to three bond issues, the first step in the process of refinancing debt in February 2006 when privatisaton of French motorways.

"We will begin September 13 and 12 talks with banks to begin the process of refinancing Eiffarie and APRR, our goal is to finish the first quarter of 2012, that is to say again in advance before the final deadline is early 2013, "continued Pierre Berger.

Eiffage confirmed its objective of a return to growth in its turnover this year in view of a first half marked by an upturn after two consecutive years of contraction over the same period.

The group identified the first six months of the year an EBIT of 451 million euros, up 9.5% thanks to strong margin growth in the concessions. Its order book grew by 5% year on year.

In contrast, bond issues made by APRR in the first half came to adding to the financial burden of the company, bringing to 43 million euros against 70 million a year earlier net income, group share, a drop of 38 6%.

Prior to publication, the action Eiffage closed up sharply (7.48% to 33.90 euros), giving a market capitalization of around three billion euros. Since the beginning of the year, the title has sold about 4%, after declining 16% over the whole of 2010.

Ipsen, whose sales rose 5.3% in the first half, said Tuesday it had raised its sales forecast for 2011 in favor of a less pronounced decline than expected sales in general practice.

The pharmaceutical company said in a statement that it now expects a decline in sales in general practice between 3% and 5%, against an initial forecast of down 8% to 10%.

Ipsen said target and a recurring operating income adjusted from 190 to 200 million euros for the year.

For the first six months of the year, its recurring operating income stood at 143.9 million euros, up 27.1%, while its consolidated profit rose by 21.4% over the period to 91 , 7 million.

Ipsen also announced it has appointed Susheel Surpal Columbia, a former CFO of Sodexo, the position of executive vice president of pharmaceutical company, in charge of finance and administrative affairs.

In their research note, analysts office analysis Potzamparc have described the interim results of "publication quality that could give color to the title."

"However, there are still key issues to be addressed before proceeding further on the sale of general medicine in France and the future of the production site of Evreux," they said.

Earlier in the morning, Ipsen and Inspiration Biopharmaceuticals announced in a separate statement to have strengthened their partnership in the treatment of hemophilia with the creation of a commercial structure.

"Ipsen and Inspiration will establish and train a sales team highly specialized to become the exclusive network for the marketing of drugs Inspiration brand in Europe," indicate the two groups.

"The sales organization will take the form of a Business Unit Hemophilia backed by the trade organization's current Ipsen," they continue.

European shares ended down Thursday after three sessions in a row to rebound in the wake of Wall Street, where the departure of Executive Steve Jobs of Apple weighs on the coast.

The CAC 40 index finished down 0.65% at 3,119 points, after gaining 1.6% up in volumes that have accelerated shortly after the opening of Wall Street to finish at a level of 102% of their average last three months.

Other European stock markets, London has lost 1.44% and 0.25% Milan. Victims of several rumors, including one referring to a general ban on short sales in Germany denied by Berlin, Frankfurt fell 1.71%.The pan-European Euro Stoxx 50 index yielded 0.98% after opening up 0.6%.

On Wall Street, the S & P 500, Dow Jones and Nasdaq lost 1.1 to 1.2% at 6:17 p.m..

"The market plays to be afraid before Bernanke's speech tomorrow.The question is whether the Fed chairman will have the means to announce something solid while the United States are in a liquidity trap, "said Yves Marc, seller actions at Global Equities.

ADJUSTMENT SHOULD CONTINUE TO BACK

As for values, the bank (0.58%), the only growing sector, have benefited from the investment of $ 5 billion (3.5 billion) of Berkshire Hathaway in Bank of America.

This investment could be the harbinger of a more massive return of investors to the market this autumn, says Fabrice Cousté, CEO of CMC Markets France.

In Paris, Crédit Agricole jumped 4.81%, moving up and the top 40 increases in the ACC after publishing quarterly results better than expected, loads of Greece finally being advanced by less important.

"The adjustment of the markets continues and it seems likely that this adjustment continues in the fall," warned in a note Philippe Mimran, head of securities at managements UFG-LFP.

"The bond markets have clearly voted for a depressed economy, with real rates marginally positive German and American frankly negative," he adds.

The downturn in equity markets was also reflected in the yields of bonds rated.The performance of the 10-year German Bund dropped below the 2.2% to 2.179% against 2.188% yesterday.

That of the French OAT with the same maturity has returned around 2.86% after flirting with 2.95% in session, following the announcement of measures to improve public finances by the Prime Minister, François Fillon.

Oil prices have closed up Monday, while Brent has however declined, while the progress of the rebels Libyan suggests a possible resumption of oil exports of the country.

On the Nymex, the contract to September U.S. crude (WTI), which expired at the end of the session, ended with a gain of $ 1.86, or 2.26% to 84.12 dollars a barrel.Brent has in turn sold 26 cents, or 0.24% to 108.36 dollars.

Italy's Eni, which was the main foreign producer of oil in Libya, is back in the country, while the entry of rebels in Tripoli Libyan suggests a possible resumption of exports of oil.

Tanks and snipers in the Libyan Army struggled Monday morning to withstand the assaults of the rebels in the capital, where thousands of opponents of Gaddafi celebrated the imminent end of a free reign began in 1969.

Before the outbreak of the uprising in Libya, the country, a member of OPEC produced about 1.6 million barrels per day (bpd), nearly 2% of world production.

The titles of French Total, OMV of Austria and Eni have closed up 2.25%, 5.14% and 6.33%, the market hoping for a return to the situation prior to the insurgency.

The Stoxx Europe 600 index of oil and gas sector was up 1.28% on his side.

VAT reduction, reform of corporate tax … measures that the government hopes will be adopted next week should bring 4.9 billion euros to the state. Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero at a news conference late in July 2011.

Reduction in VAT on the purchase of new housing, reform of corporate taxes and mandatory use of generic drugs, these are the main weapons of the Spanish government, which adopted its new plan Friday to combat the crisis. "The government has approved a reduction in VAT from 8% to 4% for the purchase of a new home," said Jose Blanco, his spokesman, adding that it was an "exceptional measure and temporarily extended until 31 December. "Reform of the corporate tax should bring in 2.5 billion euros and the spread of generics 2.4 billion euros.

The plan, which the government hopes will be adopted next week, should bring 4.9 billion euros in state coffers, while the country is at the heart of a new financial turmoil that threatens the entire area euro. Jose Blanco confirmed that the government would urgently request the convening of Parliament to ensure that "measures be adopted so quickly."

Other measures for future employment

The economy minister, Elena Salgado, said the plan aimed to "support growth" and "generating activity and the recovery of the construction industry", at a press conference at the end Council of Ministers.The reduction in VAT should in particular help to sell many unsold new homes since the bursting of the housing bubble in 2008. The meltdown has precipitated the country into a severe economic crisis, with record unemployment in industrialized countries, with 20.89% in the second quarter.

Elena Salgado said the government would announce measures "to boost employment" at the Second Extraordinary Council of Ministers scheduled for August 26. These ads take place in a context of new financial market meltdown. The Madrid Stock Exchange is taken since late July in a new spiral and fell again Friday to levels not seen since the debt crisis of spring 2010.

The European regulator of financial markets (ESMA) announced Thursday the ban on short selling in Belgium, France, Italy and Spain from Friday, August 12.

The Esma has also said it will prove tough on breaches of proper functioning of the market and will strongly encourage States to prevent such behavior.